Reuse of Abandoned Shield Residues Stabilized by a Sustainable Binder: Assessment of Strength, Durability, and Environmental Properties

The resourceful reuse, construction, and environmental safety hazards of shield residues in underground construction have received a lot attention. This paper reports the assessment generated with space development through stabilization. variations strength, durability, properties magnesium oxide (MgO)-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-fiber material stabilized are tested by unconfined compressive strength test, direct shear pH modified dry soaking cycle test (acidic sulfate ion condition, = 5.0). Portland cement (PC)-stabilized selected as control group. optimal ratio MgO-activated GGBS-fiber-stabilized is recommended. results show that basalt fiber 12 mm length 0.1% designed value. specimens MgO to GGBS 1:7 display higher (qu) (τ). After ten dry–soaking cycles, qu, τ, decreased 21%, 8%, 12%, respectively, compared those corresponding standard curing time. In contrast, group were reduced 46%, 39%, 13%.